[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”4_5″ layout=”4_5″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]The automobile manufacturing industry has steadily grown in the last 20 years, climbing 32% globally between 1997 and 2020. The inevitable and continued expansion of this industry makes it is imperative that full cycle recycling programs for every car component are designed and implemented.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_5″ layout=”1_5″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_counters_circle animation_offset=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””][fusion_counter_circle value=”32″ filledcolor=”” unfilledcolor=”” size=”220″ scales=”no” countdown=”no” speed=”1500″]32%[/fusion_counter_circle][/fusion_counters_circle][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]Car recycling is critical because the industry as a whole impacts heavily on the environment throughout its life cycle, from consumption of energy 
during production, to waste generation, greenhouse gases, hazardous substances emissions during their car’s lifecycle, to end of life disposal. About 8 to 9 million end of life vehicles are recycled per year in the EU countries alone. Cars are the number one recycled product in the United States.
The good news is that recycling of car parts is driven by economical, technological, as well as social and environmental concerns. There are many reasons why the automobile industry itself prefers sustainable waste management and most of the car parts are recycled. For example, ferrous and non ferrous materials are valuable and can be reused right away. These materials constitute about 67.5% of the vehicle, while plastics are used in about 9.3% of average cars.
Another way to recycle cars is to export them as second hand cars to developing countries, including former Soviet Union and Africa, where they can be sold at a higher profit intact rather than as spare parts and materials through recycling. But the lack of environmental and anti-dumping regulations in these developing markets may end up transferring a toxic waste problem to states that have no resources to deal with it.
The impact of this trade in used car parts is not well understood and there is not much political will to find out. For example, in an study published by the European Commission, it was demonstrated that each year, 3 to 4 million end of life vehicles go missing.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”set_block” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
The recycling process
For the cars that end up in recycling, they go through a tightly organised dismantling process. First, the valuable spare parts and other components such as engines, batteries, oils and fuels and airbags are removed. Then, the remainders, or so-called hulks, are processed through shredders that mechanically and physically separate the ferrous and non-ferrous metals, which are the most valuable materials for recycling. The material is then processed again through a shredder which makes automobile shredder residue or ARS.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”https://www.earthsquad.global/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/4-30.jpg” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”fixed” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”30px” margin_bottom=”30px” padding_top=”70px” padding_right=”70px” padding_bottom=”70px” padding_left=”70px”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”rgba(232,215,213,0.88)” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”25px” padding_right=”25px” padding_bottom=”25px” padding_left=”25px” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
Automobile shredder residue (ARS)
ARS is disposed into landfills, but government policy affects how this disposal takes place. For example, Germany and Denmark have very strict policies that require most of the ARS waste not to get dumped at landfills, but rather incinerated for energy production or other uses.
ARS is considered a hazardous waste in Japan and European countries due to the presence of heavy metals. With the volume of the waste material is growing each year, new technologies are seeking to mitigate its environmental impact. For example, water has been found to be a cost-effective extracting agent for the recovery of heavy metals, and reducing toxicity of the waste material. But this is still too developmental of a technology to roll out immediately, everywhere.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”set_block” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
Oils and lubricants
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Recycling is a policy decision but also an individual one. The fuel and motor oil recovered from recycled cars can be re-refined into lubricants, fuel oils and other raw materials for the retro-chemical industry. These oils are equivalent to virgin oil, and in some situations, even outperforms virgin oil. However, not everyone recycles their engine oil, or even knows that its bad for the environment to dump it.
Automotive oils have been linked to pollution of the soil and water. One gallon of motor oil dumped into a waterway pollutes one million gallons of water. The Scientific American reports that 1.3 billion gallons of used oil is generated in the United States each year, and only 10% is re-refined. The majority is collected and sold as a combustible fuel to be used at power plants or industrial boilers.
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Plastic components
Another part of the vehicle that can be recycled are the plastics. New cars are using more plastics and polymer composites, carbon fibre-reinforced plastics, 3-D printed plastic pars, even plastic parts made from carbon dioxide. Plastics are being preferred because they are lighter than steel, is less corrosive as well as more flexible and safe. However, these products have special requirements for recycling, such as removal of odors and contaminants.
The blending of plastics with other materials can make them expensive to separate and recycle. That is why it would make sense for the car manufacturers themselves to recycle their own plastics components directly back onto the production line.
Apparently, there is a similar problem of separation with another material used in cars: fabrics. Fabrics used in cars are almost never recycled, with five billion pounds being sent to landfills every year, despite being able to be recycled for rubber content. The bad part is that the mats and carpets are almost never biodegradable. Scientists are now working on substituting these problematic foam and fabric components with a 3D fabric. This novel textile is made of 100% recycled polyester yarn produced from waste generated in the automative and transpiration industries.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”set_block” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
Tyres
End of life car and truck tyres are an environmental problem, because until recently, there has been no way to profitably recycle them. New technological breakthroughs are making it possible for old car tyres to be recycled into saleable commodities of oil, carbon and steel. An average tyre recycling plant can process about 685,000 tyres per year, making approximately 19,000 tons of recycled materials.
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Car batteries
Over 95% of old car batteries in the United States are recycled for their lead, sulphuric acid and polypropylene content. This represents almost all batteries. The replication of this recycling system and consciousness must be encouraged for other parts of vehicles.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
The future of car recycling
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A scratch beneath the surface to the car recycling industry shows that there are many loops that still need to closed. Most of the problems with recycling involve the general problem that it is very expensive to separate the various components for recycling. Manufacturers seem interested in breaking into the greener, more recyclable markets, but are less interested in their environmental and social duty to refine their designs into 100% recyclable components.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”set_block” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
Car manufacturers are invested in recycling and compliance with environmental regulations. This is fuelled by consumer interest and awareness in these areas. It is not unreasonable to start making demands. British and French governments have responded by committing to outlaw the sale of petrol and diesel powered cars by 2040.
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But let’s be careful. The rise of electric cars could actually leave us with a bigger waste problem than the current problem. The problem with electric cars is the recycling of the lithium-ion battery, which is turning out to be more expensive and unproductive than other materials. Apparently, only a third of the value of the battery can be recycled. This is another nightmare for manufacturers. And it is a tragedy because the inability to reuse them could end up making environmental problems worse, not better.
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The growing volume of electronic components in vehicles is also a worrying trend. About 93.5 million tons of electronic waste was generated in 2016, and 70 to 80 percent of that waste ends up in landfills. Developed economies are guilty of transferring some of this highly toxic waste to dump sites in China or Africa, where there are less regulations. This cannot be allowed to continue.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”set_block” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
As technologies change at a dizzying speed, what is clear is that the recycling industry must meet the new demands with new emerging technologies. Consumers must continue to demand for that. In the same way that consumers are aware that they must recycle their old car batteries, they should learn to think of all of the components of their plastic electric cars in the same way. When this happens, car manufacturers will meet the new expectations, by developing cars in which all components are 100% recyclable.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
Sources
http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0308/Kanari-0308.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_recycling
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_recycling
https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/science/earth/13trash.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25690411
https://www.epa.gov/recycle/managing-reusing-and-recycling-used-oil
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-oil-be-recycled/
https://www.plasticstoday.com/content/plastics-recycling-automotive-industry/57322573021811
http://www.youris.com/environment/recycling/how_soon_could_car_seats_enter_the_3d_comfort_zone.kl
https://plastics-car.com/FAQs/Recycling.html
https://www.wired.com/2014/12/product-design-and-recycling/[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_separator style_type=”single solid” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” sep_color=”rgba(193,25,120,0.73)” top_margin=”5%” bottom_margin=”5%” border_size=”” icon=”” icon_circle=”” icon_circle_color=”” width=”25%” alignment=”center” /][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
Surf on…
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