纸张回收:重点关注德国和尼日利亚

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發明的 作為存儲和信息檢索的廉價替代品,有助於信息傳播和教育。隨著人口的不斷增加,紙張的使用和應用已經激增,並且已經將紙張再循環作為使用原始木材和纖維進行生產的替代品。

浪費 紙張和回收方法

Brown paper bags on table .回收 涉及轉換  赤身 將紙張放入紙巾,紙巾,紙袋等中。該過程包括將適當的化學品與紙張混合,然後加熱以分解紙張的結構 進入其基本形式 – 纖維素。所得漿料稱為漿料,其是從樹木中提取的材料。在最終將它們倒在輥子上製成紙巾或其他產品之前,將紙漿篩選出異物,脫墨和漂白 – 特別是用於紙巾。

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根據一些報導,一噸再生紙可以保護大約17棵樹,2.5桶燃料,4100千瓦時電,超過30,000升水。它含有基本形式的纖維素,這是一種可以發酵生產乙醇的葡萄糖聚合物。

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低迷

由於政策不善和人口不斷增長,尼日利亞經濟主要依靠進口來滿足國內和工業消費。 1960年獨立後建立的造紙廠在1996年停止運營之前表現出色並且蓬勃發展。據估計,尼日利亞花費大約5000億奈拉(13.2億美元)進口。 . 在非洲,南非擁有最多的從事造紙業的員工 回收 設施雖然尼日利亞在這個部門工作的人數不到1000人。

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德國 回收 社會思潮

根據 歐盟統計局的數據, 德國是歐盟領先的奧地利,斯洛文尼亞,比利時和瑞士的回收利用國家。該國擁有專門的廢物收集方法,用於生成各種形式的廢物,並且適當地回收利用,約佔75%   被回收利用 德國.

大部分成功享受 德國源於1996年制定的適當的廢物管理政策。政府讓利益相關者對其產生的廢物負責,重點是避免廢物,回收和環保處理。

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管理不善

與尼日利亞相比,德國有大約4萬人從事紙漿和造紙業,儘管這個西非國家的人口是德國的兩倍,並且產生了更多的廢物。德國正在尋求用於現在產生的各種形式的廢物 垃圾填埋場 大約百分之一的未經處理的廢物。

尼日利亞仍然依賴 landfills 作為其最主要的廢物處理方法  回收  公司依靠私人廢物收集者為他們提供生產所需的材料。政府幾乎沒有提供支持,而且正如其他經濟部門所見,利益相關者並沒有嚴格遵守環保政策。

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對後人的影響

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德國為其他國家 – 無論是發達國家還是發展中國家 – 創造了一個值得稱讚的模板,以便遵循國家在可再生能源發電方面所取得的進步中進一步顯示的適當廢物管理所帶來的好處。德國打算將其19座核反應堆設施停止服務。美國將超過50%的未經處理的廢物傾倒在垃圾填埋場中。

尼日利亞每年產生的巨大浪費可以從更好的政策和更多的外國投資中受益,以進一步改善已經取得的進展,同時有效地利用產生的廢物來獲得可行的經濟紅利。

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Surf on…

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2018-10-15T06:36:59+00:00By |Categories: 尼日利亚, 德国, 纸和纸板|0 Comments

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