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汽车制造业在过去20年中稳步增长，在1997年至2020年间全球增长32％。该行业不可避免且持续扩张，因此必须设计和实施每个汽车零部件的全循环回收计划。
[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_5″ layout=”1_5″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_counters_circle animation_offset=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””][fusion_counter_circle value=”32″ filledcolor=”” unfilledcolor=”” size=”220″ scales=”no” countdown=”no” speed=”1500″]32%[/fusion_counter_circle][/fusion_counters_circle][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””]
汽车回收至关重要，因为整个行业在整个生命周期中都会对环境造成严重影响，因为能源消耗
，汽车生命周期内的废物产生，温室气体排放，有害物质排放，到报废处理。仅在欧盟国家，每年约有800万至900万辆报废车辆被回收。汽车是美国最大的回收产品。
好消息是汽车零部件的回收受到经济，技术以及社会和环境问题的驱动。汽车行业本身更喜欢可持续发展的原因有多种原因废物管理，大多数汽车零件都被回收利用。例如，黑色和有色金属材料很有价值，可以立即重复使用。这些材料约占汽车的67.5％，而塑料约占普通汽车的9.3％。
回收汽车的另一种方法是将它们作为二手车出口到发展中国家，包括前苏联和非洲，在那里它们可以以更高的利润出售而不是作为备件和材料通过回收利用。但是，在这些发展中市场缺乏环境和反倾销法规可能最终导致有毒的转移浪费问题给没有资源处理它的国家。
这种二手车零件贸易的影响尚不清楚，并且没有太多的政治意愿可以找到。例如，在欧洲委员会发表的一项研究中，证明每年有300万至400万辆报废车辆失踪。
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回收过程
对于最终进行回收的汽车，他们会经历严格组织的拆解过程。首先，删除了有价值的备件和其他组件，如发动机，电池，油和燃料以及安全气囊。然后，通过机械和物理分离黑色金属和有色金属的粉碎机处理剩余物，或所谓的纤维，金属;，这是最有价值的回收材料。然后通过粉碎机再次处理该材料，该粉碎机使汽车粉碎残渣或ARS。[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”https://www.earthsquad.global/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/4-30.jpg” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”fixed” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”30px” margin_bottom=”30px” padding_top=”70px” padding_right=”70px” padding_bottom=”70px” padding_left=”70px”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”rgba(232,215,213,0.88)” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”25px” padding_right=”25px” padding_bottom=”25px” padding_left=”25px” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
汽车粉碎残渣（ARS）
ARS已弃置于垃圾填埋场，但政府政策会影响此处置方式。例如，德国和丹麦的政策非常严格，需要大部分ARS 废弃不得倾倒在垃圾填埋场 ，而是焚烧能源生产或其他用途。
ARS被认为是危险的
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油和润滑油
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回收是一项政策决定，也是一项个人决策。从回收汽车中回收的燃料和机油可以再精炼成润滑油，燃料油和其他用于复古化学工业的原材料。这些油相当于初榨油，在某些情况下甚至优于初榨油。然而，不是每个人都回收他们的发动机油，甚至不知道它对环境有害于倾倒它。
汽车油与土壤和水的污染有关。倾倒入水道的一加仑机油污染了一百万加仑的水。科学美国人报告说，美国每年产生13亿加仑的废油，只有10％被重新精炼。大多数是作为可燃燃料收集和出售，用于发电厂或工业锅炉。[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”https://www.earthsquad.global/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/45-3.jpg” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”fixed” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”30px” margin_bottom=”30px” padding_top=”70px” padding_right=”70px” padding_bottom=”70px” padding_left=”70px”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”rgba(232,215,213,0.88)” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”25px” padding_right=”25px” padding_bottom=”25px” padding_left=”25px” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
塑料部件
可再循环的车辆的另一部分是塑料。新车正在使用更多塑料和聚合物复合材料，碳纤维增强塑料，3D打印塑料部件，甚至是由二氧化碳制成的塑料部件。塑料是优选的，因为它们比钢轻，腐蚀性小，更灵活和安全。但是，这些产品对回收有特殊要求，例如去除异味和污染物。
塑料与其他材料的混合会使分离和再循环成本高昂。这就是为什么汽车制造商自己将自己的塑料部件直接回收到生产线上是有道理的。
显然，与汽车中使用的另一种材料分离存在类似的问题：织物。汽车中使用的织物几乎从不回收，每年有50亿磅被送到垃圾填埋场，尽管能够可回收利用橡胶。不好的部分是垫子和地毯几乎不可生物降解。科学家们正在努力用3D面料替代这些有问题的泡沫和织物组件。这种新型纺织品由100％回收聚酯纱线制成，产自废物在自动化和蒸腾行业中产生。[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”set_block” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””]
轮胎
报废汽车和卡车轮胎是一个环境问题，因为直到最近，还没有办法盈利回收它们。新的技术突破使旧汽车轮胎可以再循环到可销售的石油，碳和钢的商品中。一般的轮胎回收工厂每年可加工约685,000个轮胎，制造约19,000吨再生材料。[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”set_block” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””]
汽车电池
电池。必须鼓励这种回收系统和意识的复制用于车辆的其他部分。
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汽车回收的未来
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汽车回收行业表面下方的划痕表明，仍有许多循环需要关闭。回收的大多数问题涉及一般问题，即将各种组分分离以进行回收是非常昂贵的。制造商似乎有兴趣打入更环保，更可回收的市场，但对他们的环境和社会责任不太感兴趣，他们将设计改进为100％可回收的组件。
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汽车制造商投资于回收和遵守环境法规。消费者对这些领域的兴趣和意识推动了这一点。开始提出要求并非没有道理。英国和法国政府已作出回应，承诺到2040年禁止销售汽油和柴油动力汽车。[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”set_block” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””]
但是要小心点。与目前的问题相比，电动汽车的崛起实际上会给我们带来更大的浪费问题。电动汽车的问题在于锂离子电池的再循环，这种电池比其他材料更昂贵且更无效。显然，只有三分之一的电池价值可以回收。这对制造商来说是另一场噩梦。这是一个悲剧，因为无法重复使用它们最终会使环境问题变得更糟，而不是更好。[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”set_block” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””]
车辆中电子元件的数量不断增加也是一个令人担忧的趋势。 2016年产生了约9350万吨电子废物，其中70％至80％的废物最终进入 垃圾填埋场的。发达经济体将部分高毒性废物转移到中国或非洲的垃圾场，这些场所的法规较少。这不能继续。
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随着技术以惊人的速度发生变化，显而易见的是，回收行业必须通过新兴技术满足新的需求。消费者必须继续要求这样做。就像消费者意识到他们必须回收旧产品一样 汽车电池，他们应该学会以同样的方式考虑塑料电动汽车的所有组件。当这种情况发生时，汽车制造商将通过开发所有部件都是100％可回收的汽车来满足新的期望。
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来源
http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0308/Kanari-0308.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_recycling
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle_recycling
https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/13/science/earth/13trash.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25690411
https://www.epa.gov/recycle/managing-reusing-and-recycling-used-oil
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/can-oil-be-recycled/
https://www.plasticstoday.com/content/plastics-recycling-automotive-industry/57322573021811
http://www.youris.com/environment/recycling/how_soon_could_car_seats_enter_the_3d_comfort_zone.kl
https://plastics-car.com/FAQs/Recycling.html
https://www.wired.com/2014/12/product-design-and-recycling/[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_separator style_type=”single solid” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” sep_color=”rgba(193,25,120,0.73)” top_margin=”5%” bottom_margin=”5%” border_size=”” icon=”” icon_circle=”” icon_circle_color=”” width=”25%” alignment=”center” /][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””]
冲浪……
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