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在澳大利亚的回收在水中死了吗?
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澳大利亚政府报告称,2016年澳大利亚回收了35万吨材料,占人均1,472千克,占澳大利亚产生的所有废弃物的60%.1据Statista称,只有奥地利和德国的回收率更高,为63分别占%和62%.2回收废物的百分比似乎逐年增加。
澳大利亚的回收主要是私营部门主导的活动。大多数回收服务由私营部门根据合同代表地方政府提供。有些提供收费回收给家庭和工业。回收服务合同的期限为10年
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大城市的回收
在悉尼等大城市,市政当局为居民组织了回收计划,包括塑料,玻璃,罐头,瓶子和纸箱,以及纸和纸板。但是,某些物品无法回收,包括塑料袋,聚苯乙烯,玻璃和尿布。有一个名为REDcycle的专门计划,用于塑料袋和包装,包括饼干包,购物袋,面包袋,米袋,冷冻食品袋。悉尼市的目标是零浪费。 4
不需要的化学品和有毒的浪费也可以安全地处置由环境保护局管理的电子废物和化学清洁计划。 5 油漆,杀虫剂,化学品,气溶胶和旧计算机等物品可以用于化学清洁事件这个城市定期。客户服务中心和图书馆可以拆除电池,旧手机和灯泡。这些计划旨在避免有毒化学品进入垃圾填埋场并渗入土壤污染地下水位。
……在乡下
由于物流和收集的高成本,农村工业在回收方面的成功较少。例如,业内人士用回收玻璃描述了一种“不可持续的情况” ,无处可去。事实证明,农村地区回收玻璃的可行性对于回收公司来说,将玻璃倒入垃圾填埋场是比较经济的。 友邦洋回收工厂的一位经理指出,玻璃垃圾填埋场的扩散说:“我们又回到了黑暗时代,我们不知道该怎么办。我们收到的玻璃越来越多,无处可去。“ 6
随着回收公司与地方议会签订长期合同以及当前商品价格暴跌,这造成了数十万吨可回收材料积聚的局面。最近在回收设施爆发的火灾突出了这种做法的危险。7
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自我报告的成功
这个行业是否成功?很难提供明确的衡量标准。 各州和地区的废物管理结果和趋势差异很大,但澳大利亚政府通常对回收行业的结果做出积极报告。他们指出,即使是最低的回收率实际上也是最快的。每年,更多的市政废物被回收而不是倾倒,这是一项成就。甚至难以回收废金属,有机物和废金属等材料塑料似乎在人均基础上减少。然而,仍然最终进入垃圾填埋场或坐在回收中心的材料量很大,这些材料被认为太不经济,无法回收利用。
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全球挑战
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尽管取得了积极成果,但澳大利亚面临着挑战,其中一些是全球趋势的结果。例如, 塑料浪费。作为一个被海洋包围的国家,最终在海洋中的绝对数量令人震惊。据估计,到2050年,海洋中塑料的重量将与鱼类的重量相匹配。8
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塑料回收也是一项重大挑战。在澳大利亚,每年消耗超过1.5公吨的原油衍生物,这不包括进口的 塑料产品和包装。 9 然而,每年只收集30万吨塑料进行回收。大约一半的再生塑料,或15万吨被送往海外进行加工。百分之二十的材料在澳大利亚再加工成颗粒,在海外制成新产品.10
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红色循环计划试图通过建立一个单独的软塑料包装收集机制来解决这个问题,因为这种材料很难回收,除非它与其他塑料分开。该计划已发展到全国各地超过600个收集站,主要是超市周围。 11 一家私人回收公司Replas已经经营了三十年,开始使用牛奶纸盒等软塑料。洗发水瓶装入塑料游乐设备,装饰和护柱。然而,消费者并没有像现在这样要求这些再生产品 浪费材料加工.12
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前景
一些行业参与者对澳大利亚回收行业的前景并不太积极。回收公司营销总监马克雅各布森表示:“除非人们愿意购买由自己废弃物制成的再生产品,否则澳大利亚的回收利用已经死亡。” 13
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然而,还有其他人通过更积极地接近塑料废物分类来增加对回收的投资。 14 例如,范围国际恢复未分类 塑料来自印尼垃圾填埋场的废物,并将水变成运输托盘。该公司选择回收 塑料因为目前世界航运业在托盘生产上消耗了全世界40%的木材供应。每购买25个RePal托盘,就可以挽救一棵树.15
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这些例子的教训是,塑料和玻璃等不经济材料成为循环经济的一部分而不是线性经济的唯一可持续方式是将再生材料重新引入实体经济。这是由新一代回收行业的参与者实施这些想法。
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回收的倡导者
由于回收是一项私营部门活动,由公司代表当地社区领导,私营公司也是回收的最大倡导者。然而,有一些公共机构和协会正在帮助游说更可持续的回收解决方案。[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_3″ layout=”1_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_counters_circle animation_offset=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””][fusion_counter_circle value=”70″ filledcolor=”#fe717e” unfilledcolor=”” size=”220″ scales=”no” countdown=”yes” speed=”1500″]70[/fusion_counter_circle][/fusion_counters_circle][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
70 Businesses
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澳大利亚回收委员会(ACOR)代表澳大利亚回收行业的<70多家企业,并积极游说政府制定改善回收利用的政策和计划。 ACOR目前正在倡导对回收基础设施进行更多投资,以回收先前出口到中国并创造当地就业机会的材料。 16
澳大利亚废物管理协会还为行业提供了连接,交流想法和跟上发展的最新机会。它有1839名成员,并在全国各地组织活动。 17
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澳大利亚绿党是政府中最具生态意识的政党,自1992年成立以来,逐年取得进步。 18 党代表新自由主义意识形态的生态原则,致力于四核心价值观:生态可持续性,社会正义,基层民主与和平与非暴力。 19 在出版时,该党有一名代表在众议院,九名在澳大利亚参议院,23名当选代表在州和地区的议会, 100名当地顾问,以及 15,000名注册会员。 20 与回收结果一样,绿党更受欢迎市区,墨尔本,悉尼和格雷德勒等市中心座位的支持最强。 21
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100 Local Counsellors
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未来
关于澳大利亚回收行业最值得注意的一个发现是,虽然政府自我报告说它表现良好,但全球分析师并不乐观。例如,Statisita在其全球回收调查报告中只报告了30%的国家废弃物材料被回收,而澳大利亚政府的这一数字为50%。是什么原因造成的?[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””]
此外,该行业面临着应对全球趋势的巨大挑战,包括塑料和玻璃等可回收材料的商品价格下跌。这些发展使得一些材料的回收不经济。对于私营部门主导的行业,如澳大利亚,这是一个挑战。
回收利用不仅仅是为了扭转利润,因为回收利用也具有不可估量的社会,环境和健康资本。政府必须有一定程度的投资才能使该行业具有可持续性。挑战当前垃圾填埋场扩散趋势的一种方法是承诺建立当地工厂以回收国内所有材料,并让消费者承诺购买由再生产品制成的产品。否则,澳大利亚的回收行业可能确实会死于水中。
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