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药瓶是由 塑料,不生物降解垃圾填埋场. 装药的橙色处方瓶通常由聚丙烯树脂代码#5制成。药瓶的橙色色调是必需的,因为药物在暴露在阳光下会失去功效.1
问题是 塑料 代码#5通常不被接受回收。大多数路边发达国家的回收计划接受#1和#2 塑料,但不接受#5。 #5塑料产品包括酸奶杯,鹰嘴豆泥和其他用于盛放热液体的容器。
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这些塑料最终会出现在垃圾填埋场,因为他们无处可去。这使得非营利组织需要为回收这些塑料。 NGO Preserve的Gimme 5计划回收#5塑料,并将其交给使用再生塑料制造消费品的公司。 2 另一个特别是回收药丸瓶是Express Scripts,他们处理并将回收的#5塑料转化为复合材料用于装饰和公园长椅的木板材料。 3
要回收#5 塑料,必须先收集它。这是第一个障碍。接下来,它必须去加工厂。在工厂,塑料废物通过研磨机将材料切碎成小块。然后,将其通过淘洗系统以除去小纤维材料。接下来,将其洗涤以清洁标签和其他非塑料污染物。最后,将其模塑成最终加工的材料,例如可持续的铺面。 4
虽然发达经济体有一定的能力应对像#5这样的难回收塑料的回收挑战,但大多数发展中经济体却没有。最难回收塑料最终会出现在垃圾填埋场或大海。在那里,它们污染了地下水,环境和生态系统。大多数塑料都是这样的,因为只有少数有限的回收计划。
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答案就是这样 塑料废物威胁是开发商业上可行的解决方案。在加纳,一家前工厂开发了一种从塑料废物中回收的沥青。 2017年,他建立了自己的回收机器废料金属,电线和电机。然后,他免费收集并回收了2000公斤塑料垃圾作为示范项目。他的新沥青是由80%制成的 塑料废物和20%的沙子将需要500年才能分解,因为这些块比水泥块更硬。这家前工厂现已成立Nelplast公司,为加纳政府铺设道路,该公司拥有230名员工。5
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发达国家可以为协助发展中国家应对的努力做出哪些贡献 塑料垃圾?他们应该支持像加纳的Nelplast这样的努力。他们应该创建复杂的金融工具,为像Nelpast这样的公司提供低成本融资,以扩大甚至出口他们的产品或机器。
这个例子教给我们的是那个 塑料回收行业是一场零和游戏。如果发达国家不能将自己的塑料废物加工成有用的商业上可行的产品,那么它最终会被用于生产 垃圾填 埋场污染地球。更糟糕的是,他们实际上最终将他们的问题塑料废物出口了。
举个例子:中国多年来接受塑料废品。但在2017年,中国政府开始实施针对废钢的进口政策 塑料,发布更严格的质量检查,减少进口许可证和禁止一些消费后的棉包。 6 这产生了过量的塑料废料,被其他市场吸收,控制不那么严格。现在大部分塑料废物都在印度,越南和马来西亚。[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”2_5″ layout=”2_5″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”0px” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”40px” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
尽量减少潜在损害的方法是发达国家决定自己处理所有自己的塑料废物,或支持在发展中国家进行新的投资以加工难以回收的塑料。如果塑料废物具有商业可行性,发展中国家将能够解决问题并处理问题塑料废物。例如,发达国家是否愿意并且能够接受发展中国家的加工塑料产品,因为没有关税进口?这还有待观察。
让我们回到药瓶。只有发达国家使用#5药瓶来填充处方。在印度,加纳等发展中国家,药品以纸板箱出售,以避免阳光照射,采用轻铝条包装来保护药丸。那么回收#5药瓶应该是谁的问题呢?显然,#5塑料瓶并不是一个真正的发展中国家问题。我们有自己的问题,比如建造可以使用500年的优质道路。让我们决心不再增加发展中国家已经承载的负担。
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