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聚苯乙烯是合成树脂。它用作轻质硬质泡沫，是一种坚硬的固体塑料。由于其多功能性，它被用于制造各种消费产品，例如食品包装，电器，电子产品，玩具，汽车零件和设备。聚苯乙烯也用作泡沫材料，因为它具有绝缘和缓冲性能。可以制造泡沫聚苯乙烯，使其大于;95％以上的空气，并且这种形式广泛用于家庭和器具的绝缘。
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泡沫聚苯乙烯通常用作包装材料，例如用作填料的聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料包装花生。它还用于餐馆的外卖或外卖容器和一次性餐具。 1 聚苯乙烯经常被这些行业使用，因为它价格便宜，容易获得，颜色为白色，并且对操纵，如粘合，切割和涂漆。 2
陶氏化学公司于1941年发明了一种专利工艺，使其商标聚苯乙烯产品成为“聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料”。聚苯乙烯是一种热塑性材料，在210-249摄氏度的熔点下变为完全液态。这种液体形式使它们易于注塑。但是，泡沫聚苯乙烯也是一种热固性的塑料，这意味着它只能加热一次。加热材料会导致无法逆转的化学变化。第一次加热导致泡沫聚苯乙烯材料膨胀至其全部容量，此后它不能再循环到未来的形式和用途中。 3
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环保主义者担心泄漏到环境中的聚苯乙烯废物，特别是水和海洋环境的污染。根据加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的道格拉斯麦考利的说法，聚苯乙烯可能会滞留在海洋动物的肠道中，造成堵塞。它也像污染海绵一样，吸收和浓缩海洋中的污染物。从海洋动物来看，它们实际上最终通过我们的食物供应链回到我们的桌子上.4这使得聚苯乙烯废物成为人类健康问题。
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一般来说，聚苯乙烯不被回收计划所接受，最终进入垃圾填埋场。聚苯乙烯生物降解缓慢。 5 数百年来废弃的聚苯乙烯生物降解对光氧化有抵抗力。 6 聚苯乙烯易燃，容易点燃，导致垃圾填埋场发生火灾将有毒化学物质排放到大气中。
由于其化学特性，聚苯乙烯基本上是一次性使用的产品，不可回收。一些城市已经意识到一次性使用聚苯乙烯废弃物产品对垃圾填埋场的环境影响。纽约最近禁止拥有，销售或提供一次性可发性聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料（EPS）。纽约市市长Bill de Blasio说：“这些产品造成了真正的环境危害，在纽约市没有地位。”禁令的原因是由于难以回收EPS，而这种情况尚未大规模进行。 7 纽约市紧随伯克利，加利福尼亚，萨福克郡，波特兰，旧金山，奥克兰，圣何塞，中国，印度，台湾和津巴布韦等.8
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然而，正在开发新方法以使用聚苯乙烯废物作为能量产生的材料。一种这样的方法是热回收，其在市政焚烧炉中燃烧聚苯乙烯废物。该方法已经过测试，发现可以留下二氧化碳和水蒸汽。以这种方式处理聚苯乙烯可能是有益的，因为它可以用作能源计划的燃料.9许多城市，特别是欧洲的城市，正在进行这些基础设施投资。
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一些需要单次使用包装的公司也在做出改变。 McDonalds和Dunkin Donuts已经在使用替代品，转而使用聚丙烯而不是聚苯乙烯。然而，许多这些替代品更加昂贵
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泡沫聚苯乙烯的天然替代品仍处于开发和研究阶段。环保主义者提出了从蘑菇到可种植的包装，食用花生，竹纤维，泥炭塑料以及植物等各种产品。用于制作普通纸板的木质纤维。 11 然而，这些替代品仍然比泡沫聚苯乙烯贵得多。
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由于消费者的意识，包装公司也在开发替代品，例如玉米基可堆肥肉盘，由玉米，高粱或其他作物制成的淀粉基包装花生，折叠纤维和模塑纸浆包装，以及可生物降解的甘蔗泡沫。 12
企业主，消费者和当地政府需要替代聚苯乙烯产品。天然和有机替代品起初可能更昂贵，但从长远来看对地球来说更具可持续性。
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