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智能手机的所有功能都存在问题。问题源于三个方面。首先,智能手机中的一些原材料来自冲突或不稳定的国家。其次,公司在社会问题条件下制造智能手机。第三,智能手机的保质期短,并导致全球电子垃圾日益严重的问题。
[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”2_5″ layout=”2_5″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_imageframe image_id=”2568″ max_width=”” style_type=”none” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”zoomin” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”center” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https://earthsquad.global/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/36-3.jpg[/fusion_imageframe][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”2_5″ layout=”2_5″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_imageframe image_id=”2583″ max_width=”” style_type=”none” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”zoomin” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”center” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https://earthsquad.global/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/9-2-1.jpg[/fusion_imageframe][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”3_5″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]
他们的电子产品购买对环境和社会的影响使可靠的消费者感到不安。例如,我们都听说过刚果民主共和国的危险采矿行为以及苹果在中国的富士康工厂发生的2014年自杀事件。值得庆幸的是,有一家公司正面迎接这些问题:Fairphone。
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Fairphone推出消费者需求
Fairphone于2013年推出,以回应消费者运动需要更公平的电子产品。从一开始,公司就保持了供应链和关系的开放。它希望对采矿,设计,制造和生命周期等智能手机制造的整个价值链产生积极影响。
该公司可能会对智能手机的制作方式产生影响。它致力于成为B公司认证的一部分,该认证对公司的社会和环境绩效进行评级。到目前为止,它还赢得了各种奖项,包括2016年德国环境奖和2016年的新兴企业家。
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为什么智能手机有问题?
无论如何,智能手机有什么问题? Fairphone通过汇总对智能手机中一些更有问题的元素的研究来花费大量时间和资源来回答这个问题。在2017年的报告中, 1 Fairphone和蜻蜓倡议(TDI) 2 确定了公平的电话中的十种优先材料,这些材料可能来自更好的来源。这些是钴,铜,镓,金,铟,镍,稀土元素,钽,锡和钨的矿物质。该报告旨在建立一个框架,以更好地了解改善全球物质供应链的问题和机会。[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”3_5″ layout=”3_5″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]例如,世界钴的 51%和钽的 42.3%来自刚果民主共和国,这个国家的政府稳定,和平,得分很低或很低,环境治理,透明度,经营便利性和人类发展指数。在刚果民主共和国,使用与童工和强迫劳动,贿赂,腐败和非国家武装团体的直接支持相关的手工和小规模方法开采了大量的钴。采矿社区暴露于危险水平的受污染的灰尘和水中,易受强迫迁移的影响。[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”2_5″ layout=”2_5″ 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chart_axis_text_color=”” chart_gridline_color=”” x_axis_labels=”51%|43.3%” legend_text_colors=”#ffffff|#ffffff” bg_colors=”#00bcd4|#8bc34a” border_colors=”#00bcd4|#8bc34a” chart_border_size=””][fusion_chart_dataset title=”Data Set 1″ legend_text_color=”#ffffff” background_color=”#00bcd4″ border_color=”#00bcd4″ values=”51|43.3″][/fusion_chart_dataset][/fusion_chart][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”https://earthsquad.global/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/44.jpg” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” 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另一个例子是中国,它生产大部分全球镓和钨。虽然中国在政府稳定性,和平性和人类发展指数方面得分较低,但据报道,由于储存不良和尾矿坝溢出导致环境恶化,据报道大量有毒“赤泥”废物溢出与铝土矿精炼过程有关。流离失所和死亡率。云南省正在开采4个钨矿床,被指定为联合国教科文组织世界遗产。
即使是像加拿大这样的发展指数得分很高的国家也无法免受与矿产开采相关的问题的影响。例如,发现育空地区一个休眠的Cantong矿有未报告的溢出物污染了当地的水道和土壤。在美国,加利福尼亚州山口矿山管道废物系统的历史性管理不善,使得放射性废水污染了当地的沙漠。镍矿开采与西澳大利亚州和加拿大的环境退化有关。
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那么,Fairphone制作的广泛报道的主要内容是什么呢?该公司优先考虑了10个希望改进的材料供应链。这使得该公司能够创建一个路线图,从最安全和最稳定的来源采购材料。 Fairphone一直致力于确定每个国家矿产的生产水平,政府的稳定性,腐败风险和经营便利性是否需要改善供应链。例如,它可以从经过认证而非开放市场的矿山采购材料。
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智能手机的社会影响
除了可持续和认证的原材料外,Fairphone还采用社会测量方法确保制造商公平地生产产品。相比之下,2014年,苹果公司总部发布了由福克斯通公司(Foxcomm Corporation)经营的中国制造工厂的消息,该公司不满的工人开始自杀。生产iPhone零部件的绝大多数工厂都位于中国,富士康是中国大陆最大的单一雇主,其工资单上有130万人。
2014年席卷工厂的自杀疫情引起了媒体的轰动。工人们表示,管理层“过于咄咄逼人,公开骂工人太慢”,并且预计他们会经常加班,而且只需要定期工资。 5 为确保其手机在社会可持续发展的条件下制造,Fairphone对制造手机的工厂进行评估和社会审核。
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Fairphone对环境和社会影响的研究表明了消费电子行业的复杂程度。 Fairphone并不打算孤立地或自己解决所有问题。但他们确实希望与其他品牌,制造商,供应商,冶炼厂,炼油厂以及关注可持续采购的人建立合作伙伴网络。他们希望这会影响行业的变革。
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智能手机的可回收性
作为Fairphone可持续性的最终衡量标准是Fairphone组件本身的可回收性。 Fairphone的组件采用模块化设计,鼓励消费者重复使用和维修智能手机。由于全球电子废物问题日益严重,该公司对循环经济作出了承诺。 6
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每年,消费者都会丢掉数百万部手机。他们的电子废物部件会破坏环境并造成地下水污染。大多数智能手机不是使用允许安全拆卸设备的方法制造的。相比之下,Fairphone很容易拆除。在加纳,Fairphone与Recell Ghana合作收集更多电子垃圾以便安全回收,并且在2018年,它预计将安全回收4吨电子垃圾。 7在其他国家/地区,他们推出了免费送货标签活动,并通过兑换旧智能手机在Fairphone上提供45欧元的折扣。 8
Fairphone可能不像你的iPhone那样华而不实,但它在每一项环境和社会可持续性措施中都胜过竞争对手。现在可能是时候看看智能手机对全球环境和社会公正的影响了。
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2 https://www.thedragonflyinitiative.com
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/18/foxconn-life-death-forbidden-city-longhua-suicide-apple-iphone-brian-merchant-one-device-extract
6 https://www.fairphone.com/en/our-goals/?ref=header
7 https://www.fairphone.com/en/project/reducing-electronic-waste/
8 https://www.fairphone.com/en/recycling-program/
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