奥地利的回收 – 一个精心设计和严格执行的系统

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奥地利消费者非常善于分类废物： 96％他们将包装废物与一般浪费。根据一项欧洲晴雨表调查， 99％的奥地利人至少偶尔会将纸张与其他纸张分开浪费回收利用。 ¹ 合在一起，奥地利家庭每年分拣和收集超过100万吨的包装和纸张废物，因此可以送去回收。 ARA 废物管理和回收小组为消费者提供服务拥有约180万个垃圾箱，用于收集由纸张，塑料，金属和玻璃制成的废物包装。此外，他们还为160万户家庭组织了接机服务（黄袋/黄箱计划.²

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开膛手 回收系统

自1993 年以来，开膛手 服务集团一直是奥地利循环经济的推动力量。最初，它已成为自己的一部分 回收 专家，资源管理创新的驱动力和定制的合作伙伴  廢物管理解決方案. 今天 , 开膛手 因其服務質量而享譽國際.³

为确保完全符合回收监管链，开膛手 集团由七家子公司组成：开膛手 plus GmbH，ARES GmbH，奧地利 玻璃 回收 GmbH，DiGiDO GmbH，ERA GmbHLogMan GmbH 和 NetMan GmbH。 年以来 AG 是奥地利领先的包装合规计划和非营利性公司。他们利用合规费收入来组织和资助奥地利包装废物的收集和回收。 ARA AG由包装制造商，制造商和企业以及贸易公司所有.⁴

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奥地利环境局和维也纳技术大学对ARA小组的环境影响进行了评估，他们确认ARA在2016年帮助节省了50万吨二氧化碳当量。这相当于所有登记的乘用车每年排放量的6％左右在奥地利。从WEEE生产二级原材料和回收含氟氯化碳的冷却设备也有助于保护气候：奥地利相关的温室气体排放量在2016年总计约300,000吨二氧化碳当量.⁵

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收集材料

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ARA组织和资助整个奥地利的包装废物的收集，分类和回收。与合作伙伴一起，他们为家庭和企业提供全国性和完善的收集基础设施，以及方便和具有成本效益的废物管理解决方案，促进高效收集和环保回收。
ARA为消费者提供了大约180万个箱子，用于收集由纸张，塑料，金属和玻璃制成的废物包装。此外，他们还为包装废物（黄色包/黄色垃圾桶），用于 160万个家庭.⁶

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子公司ARA Gmbh是奥地利领先的废弃电气和电子设备（WEEE）专家，ERA提供全面的回收服务。此外，他们承担企业拥有的所有义务，并可能根据奥地利WEEE条例和“电池条例”外包。

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在奥地利，每年收集大约80,000吨的WEEE和 2,500吨的废电池; ARA服务组（特别是ERA合规服务）占此金额的 40％每位奥地利居民每年收集 9.5公斤的WEEE – 这是欧洲。

[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column_inner][/fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””]消费者和企业在全国各地的 2,100 收集点放弃了WEEE和废旧电池; ERA提供100个这样的积分。此外，如果商店的销售面积大于或等于<150>平方米那么当人们购买新的等效设备（其功能与旧设备相同）时，人们也可以将WEEE退回给零售商/经销商。。即使不购买新电池，也可以免费将电池退还给供应商。[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”45px” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_accordion type=”” boxed_mode=”” border_size=”1″ border_color=”” background_color=”” hover_color=”” divider_line=”” title_font_size=”” icon_size=”” icon_color=”” icon_boxed_mode=”” icon_box_color=”#fe717e” icon_alignment=”” toggle_hover_accent_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””][fusion_toggle title=”焚烧厂在维也纳生产0％的垃圾填埋场” open=”no”]

每年收集超过一百万吨的包装和废纸。大约90％的包装废弃物被送去进行材料回收并转化为新产品。其余部分用作有价值的工业燃料或转换为能源（区域供热）。

例如，维也纳有三个世界级的焚烧厂。 Pfaffenau工厂位于市中心东南6英里处，是一个真正的旅游景点。时尚，现代和橙色的设计无疑是游客兴趣的主要驱动力 – 看到废弃设施看起来如此时髦是不寻常的。 Pfaffenau不只是燃烧垃圾 – 它可以节省空间并为城市创造能量。每天最多20​​0卡车运送770吨不可回收的废物到设施。然后垃圾经过类似迷宫的分类，燃烧和其他化学反应过程，使植物混合可回收的金属废料和大量的灰尘。最后，Pfaffenau产生足够的热量来为50,000个家庭提供暖气，并为另外25,000个家庭提供足够的电力。这样的数字表明将Pfaffenau称为发电厂更为合适

Pfaffenau与其他垃圾设施一起创造了一个诱人的结果：一个没有垃圾填埋的城市。自2009年以来，维也纳的垃圾填埋场禁令意味着它用能源生产，产品回收和可生物降解的废物取代垃圾山。奥地利单独收集和回收包装废物每年可节省超过500,000吨二氧化碳。这相当于在奥地利注册的所有乘用车造成的年度排放量的约6％。

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在城市地区，回收往往更加成功和有效，奥地利也不例外。在奥地利，山区地形的挑战使废物管理变得困难和昂贵。许多山区经历了固体废物问题，包括消费模式的增加，现有和过去的采矿作业，旅游活动和非法倾倒的做法。陡峭，偏僻，普遍的社会经济条件和对自然灾害的脆弱性使得山区的废物管理比低地地区更具挑战性。重力和河流流量也可以将山地垃圾的足迹扩大到下游一千公里或更远 – 甚至直接进入海洋。 8

由于运输的成本和难度以及相对少量的可回收废物，实现规模经济以及材料的再循环可能是一项重大挑战。尽管存在这些挑战，一些社区已成功实施各种解决方案，以解决山区环境中的废物问题。

奥地利得到了一系列全国性立法的监督，这些立法规范了废物管理和回收行业，包括“臭氧法”;环境援助法;环境信息法;环境事故信息监管;联邦环境影响评估法和公民参与法;关于设立环境委员会的联邦法案;贸易管制法;基因工程法;肥料法;生态审计员和网站注册法;包装法规.9全球协议，如“全球契约全球公约”和“日内瓦公约”和“关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约”的持久性有机污染物议定书。

奥地利在处理20世纪70年代后期的所有主要环境问题方面非常成功。它在诸如SOx等常规污染物方面取得的成就（1980年至1992年间减少了81％）使该国在这方面成为经合组织中的佼佼者。奥地利制定了详细的环境立法，制定了详细的法规，并严格执行其政策。主要重点是使用末端管道技术和强大的监管系统。奥地利在国内生产总值方面的环境支出是经合组织中最高的，工业和市政当局已获得大量补贴以支持其努力。取得的成果可部分解释为奥地利通过与社会伙伴（工业和工会以及拥有强制性成员资格的商业和劳动室）进行早期对话建立共识的悠久传统，广泛的守法态度和坚实的联邦和省级行政管理structure.10

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结论

即使维也纳焚烧垃圾和高效供暖系统的规模要比大多数全球城市大得多（且更环保），但需要加工的垃圾量的增长仍然令人担忧。仍然需要做出相当大的努力来改变使单一使用塑料成为普遍问题的人类行为。在奥地利，市政当局和ARA集团公司正在努力参与众多的公共教育活动，鼓励市民从一次性咖啡杯转为多用咖啡杯，外卖咖啡，减少食物浪费或为婴儿使用可洗尿布 ¹¹ [/fusion_text][fusion_separator style_type=”none” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” sep_color=”” top_margin=”40px” bottom_margin=”” border_size=”” icon=”” icon_circle=”” icon_circle_color=”” width=”” alignment=”center” /][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]

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