{"id":24055,"date":"2018-09-18T17:43:19","date_gmt":"2018-09-18T17:43:19","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.earthsquad.global\/recycling-in-the-european-union-affected-by-density\/"},"modified":"2018-10-15T12:04:48","modified_gmt":"2018-10-15T12:04:48","slug":"recycling-in-the-european-union-affected-by-density","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthsquad.global\/pt-pt\/recycling-in-the-european-union-affected-by-density\/","title":{"rendered":"Reciclagem na Uni\u00e3o Europeia afetada pela densidade"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Os pa\u00edses da Uni\u00e3o Europ\u00e9ia t\u00eam diferentes densidades populacionais, da altamente densa Malta, Holanda e B\u00e9lgica \u00e0 escassamente povoada, Finl\u00e2ndia, Su\u00e9cia <\/a> e Est\u00f4nia. Demonstrou-se que a densidade populacional afeta o ecossistema de reciclagem, porque as \u00e1reas urbanas densamente povoadas tendem a se sair melhor com as \u00e1reas urbanas densamente povoadas desperd\u00edcio<\/a> e tendem a se sair melhor com as \u00e1reas urbanas e densamente povoadas. reciclagem . Em \u00e1reas densamente povoadas, o custo da coleta cria economias de escala que justificam o custo log\u00edstico de se deslocar desperdi\u00e7ar para os centros de reciclagem ou processamento.<\/p>\n

Este artigo explora como os desafios log\u00edsticos s\u00e3o superados por alguns dos pa\u00edses menos densamente povoados. Tamb\u00e9m identifica algumas das melhores pr\u00e1ticas que aumentam a efici\u00eancia de custos dos programas de reciclagem em toda a Europa.<\/p>\n

Come\u00e7amos com o pa\u00eds mais densamente povoado com um bom conjunto de dados sobre reciclagem <\/a>, que \u00e9 a Holanda. O pa\u00eds tem uma densidade populacional de 414 pessoas por quil\u00f4metro quadrado e mais de 17 milh\u00f5es de pessoas embaladas em 41.543 quil\u00f4metros quadrados. 1 <\/sup> O pa\u00eds menos densamente povoado da Europa \u00e9 a Finl\u00e2ndia com 16 pessoas por quil\u00f4metro quadrado e 5,3 milh\u00f5es de pessoas desfrutando de 337.030 quil\u00f4metros quadrados.<\/p>\n

[\/fusion_text][\/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”2_5″ layout=”2_5″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_imageframe image_id=”1588″ max_width=”” style_type=”glow” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”zoomin” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”center” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https:\/\/www.earthsquad.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/recycling-10.jpg[\/fusion_imageframe][\/fusion_builder_column][\/fusion_builder_row][\/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”2_5″ layout=”2_5″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_chart title=”” chart_type=”bar” chart_legend_position=”” x_axis_label=”” y_axis_label=”Waste ” show_tooltips=”” chart_border_type=”smooth” chart_fill=”off” chart_point_style=”circle” chart_point_size=”3″ chart_point_bg_color=”” chart_point_border_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” chart_bg_color=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” chart_axis_text_color=”” chart_gridline_color=”” x_axis_labels=”45%|25.3%|38.3%” legend_text_colors=”#ffffff|#ffffff|#ffffff” bg_colors=”#00bcd4|#8bc34a|#ff9800″ border_colors=”#00bcd4|#8bc34a|#ff9800″ chart_border_size=””][fusion_chart_dataset title=”Data Set 1″ legend_text_color=”#ffffff” background_color=”#00bcd4″ border_color=”#00bcd4″ values=”45|25.3|38.3″][\/fusion_chart_dataset][\/fusion_chart][\/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”3_5″ layout=”3_5″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””]<\/p>\n

Segundo as estat\u00edsticas europeias, toda a regi\u00e3o da UE reciclou ou compostou 45,0% dos seus res\u00edduos urbanos em 2015, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com apenas 25,3% em 2000 e 38,3% em 2010, indicando que a UE est\u00e1 claramente a mudar para modos de\u00a0gest\u00e3o de res\u00edduos <\/a> tanto a longo prazo como a curto prazo. Desde 2000, o\u00a0A taxa de reciclagem <\/a> vem aumentando continuamente em quase 4% ao ano. 2<\/sup><\/p>\n

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Os estados membros do norte, como a Su\u00e9cia, a Finl\u00e2ndia e a Noruega, t\u00eam diversos instrumentos pol\u00edticos e regulamentos r\u00edgidos sobre a gest\u00e3o de res\u00edduos e tendem a reciclar uma parcela relativamente alta de res\u00edduos urbanos. Algumas das interven\u00e7\u00f5es pol\u00edticas que incentivam a reciclagem s\u00e3o uma separa\u00e7\u00e3o obrigat\u00f3ria dos tipos de res\u00edduos municipais, altas taxas de coleta de res\u00edduos e impostos sobre os aterros sanit\u00e1rios.3A Alemanha tem a maior taxa de reciclagem na UE, com 66,1% dos res\u00edduos gerados reciclados.4<\/p>\n

[\/fusion_text][\/fusion_builder_column_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_3″ layout=”1_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no” border_position=”all”][fusion_counters_circle animation_offset=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””][fusion_counter_circle value=”66″ filledcolor=”#fe717e” unfilledcolor=”#ededed” size=”190″ scales=”no” countdown=”no” speed=”1500″]66.1%[\/fusion_counter_circle][\/fusion_counters_circle][\/fusion_builder_column_inner][\/fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_row_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”1_3″ layout=”1_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no” border_position=”all”][fusion_chart title=”” chart_type=”bar” chart_legend_position=”” x_axis_label=”” y_axis_label=”Recycle” show_tooltips=”” chart_border_type=”smooth” chart_fill=”off” chart_point_style=”circle” chart_point_size=”3″ chart_point_bg_color=”” chart_point_border_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” chart_bg_color=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” chart_axis_text_color=”” chart_gridline_color=”” x_axis_labels=”6.7%|13.1%” legend_text_colors=”#ffffff|#ffffff” bg_colors=”#00bcd4|#8bc34a” border_colors=”#00bcd4|#8bc34a” chart_border_size=””][fusion_chart_dataset title=”Data Set 1″ legend_text_color=”#ffffff” background_color=”#00bcd4″ border_color=”#00bcd4″ values=”6.7|13.1″][\/fusion_chart_dataset][\/fusion_chart][\/fusion_builder_column_inner][fusion_builder_column_inner type=”2_3″ layout=”2_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” hover_type=”none” link=”” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” dimension_margin=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no” border_position=”all”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]<\/p>\n

Do outro lado do espectro est\u00e3o os estados do sul da UE, Malta e Rom\u00eania, que reciclam 6,7% e 13,1% de seus res\u00edduos, respectivamente. O principal desafio para a reciclagem nos estados do sul \u00e9 a falta de infraestrutura de reciclagem e a aus\u00eancia de economias de escala para recuperar o custo de reciclagem. 6 <\/sup><\/p>\n

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O que esses pa\u00edses est\u00e3o fazendo bem e o que est\u00e3o fazendo de errado? Em primeiro lugar, a estrutura real dos sistemas de coleta e reciclagem revela muito sobre a reciclagem da cultura e sua aceita\u00e7\u00e3o. Mais adiante, no artigo, veremos materiais espec\u00edficos, como pl\u00e1sticos, papel\u00e3o e materiais mais complexos.<\/p>\n

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Sistemas de coleta e reciclagem<\/h3>\n

Os Pa\u00edses Baixos, onde a popula\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 densa, tem uma das melhores op\u00e7\u00f5es de vida. gest\u00e3o de res\u00edduos programas na Europa, de acordo com a Comiss\u00e3o Europeia. 7 <\/sup> O pa\u00eds compartilha essa distin\u00e7\u00e3o principal com a \u00c1ustria, Dinamarca, Su\u00e9cia <\/a>, Alemanha e B\u00e9lgica. Esses pa\u00edses t\u00eam menos de 5% de seus res\u00edduos indo para aterros sanit\u00e1rios <\/a> e t\u00eam sistemas bem desenvolvidos de reciclagem <\/a>.<\/p>\n

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Na Holanda, 78% de res\u00edduos <\/a> \u00e9 reciclado, 19% \u00e9 incinerado e apenas 3% vai para o aterro <\/a>. Uma das raz\u00f5es para essas taxas de sucesso \u00e9 que o pa\u00eds viu a import\u00e2ncia de proteger o meio ambiente e reciclagem <\/a> bem no in\u00edcio da d\u00e9cada de 1960. 8 <\/sup> Eles tamb\u00e9m impunham uma pesada responsabilidade aos produtores para serem respons\u00e1veis \u200b\u200bpor seus produtos residuais. Os munic\u00edpios e as autoridades provinciais e nacionais trabalham em estreita coopera\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

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Alguns pa\u00edses escassamente povoados, como a Finl\u00e2ndia, v\u00eam tomando nota dessas abordagens. Em 2002, a Finl\u00e2ndia enviou 62,5% de seus res\u00edduos urbanos para o aterro <\/a>, mas at\u00e9 2015, o n\u00famero era de apenas 11%. 9 <\/sup> O que aconteceu? No in\u00edcio dos anos 2000, a pol\u00edtica do governo criou um plano para a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de um desperdi\u00e7ar instala\u00e7\u00f5es de incinera\u00e7\u00e3o e em uma d\u00e9cada essa capacidade cresceu seis vezes. Especificamente, o pa\u00eds construiu novas usinas de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de lixo para energia que agora abastecem as resid\u00eancias com aquecimento no inverno e eletricidade no ver\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m dos investimentos em recupera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia, os reciclagem <\/a> e os sistemas de coleta tamb\u00e9m foi refor\u00e7ada. Esses esfor\u00e7os levaram a um aumento moderado de 29% de res\u00edduos sendo reciclados em 2002 para 40% dos res\u00edduos reciclados em 2015. 10 ; \u00c9 claro que obter as propor\u00e7\u00f5es holandesas de 78% ainda est\u00e1 muito distante. Ent\u00e3o, qual \u00e9 o principal desafio?<\/p>\n

O principal desafio para pa\u00edses como a Finl\u00e2ndia \u00e9 o alto custo da log\u00edstica de material residual <\/a>. Os finlandeses s\u00e3o recicladores ativos e atingem 100% das taxas de coleta de garrafas de vidro e 95% de coleta para latas de alum\u00ednio . O papel tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 reciclado nas taxas mais altas da Europa. 11 <\/sup> Mas a Finl\u00e2ndia ainda est\u00e1 longe de atingir sua meta de atingir 50% reciclagem at\u00e9 2016.<\/p>\n

[\/fusion_text][\/fusion_builder_column][\/fusion_builder_row][\/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”40px” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”2_3″ layout=”2_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””]<\/p>\n

Outro exemplo de um pa\u00eds esparsamente povoado que est\u00e1 indo bem com reciclagem <\/a> \u00e9 vizinha\u00a0Su\u00e9cia <\/a>. O sueco incinerou 48% dos seus res\u00edduos,\u00a0reciclado <\/a> 48% e aterrados <\/a> apenas 2% em 2014. <12> No mesmo ano, a Su\u00e9cia anunciou que importaria lixo de outros pa\u00edses europeus como o Reino Unido, It\u00e1lia, Noruega e Irlanda para alimentar seus res\u00edduos com energia. plantas que produzem eletricidade com turbinas geradoras. A Su\u00e9cia legislou que as esta\u00e7\u00f5es de reciclagem n\u00e3o devem estar a mais de 300 metros de qualquer \u00e1rea residencial. A Su\u00e9cia <\/a> tamb\u00e9m instituiu regras r\u00edgidas para os produtores pagarem por programas de reciclagem de seus produtos. 13 <\/sup> Por exemplo, H & amp; M \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio para coletar roupas antigas para reciclando<\/a>.<\/p>\n

[\/fusion_text][\/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_3″ layout=”1_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_counters_circle animation_offset=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””][fusion_counter_circle value=”48″ filledcolor=”” unfilledcolor=”#eaeaea” size=”220″ scales=”no” countdown=”no” speed=”1500″]48%[\/fusion_counter_circle][\/fusion_counters_circle][\/fusion_builder_column][\/fusion_builder_row][\/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”https:\/\/www.earthsquad.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/envatoelements-kid-throwing-out-plastic-bottle-ptzwe6q.jpg” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”60px” padding_right=”40px” padding_bottom=”40px” padding_left=”40px”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ layout=”1_1″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”rgba(255,255,255,0.84)” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” undefined=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”40px” padding_right=”25px” padding_bottom=”25px” padding_left=”25px” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]<\/p>\n

Reciclagem de pl\u00e1stico<\/h3>\n

Alguns materiais s\u00e3o reciclados com mais sucesso do que outros. O pl\u00e1stico \u00e9 um material dif\u00edcil de reciclar. No entanto, a reciclagem de pl\u00e1sticos <\/a> \u00e9 uma necessidade a fim de reduzir o esgotamento dos recursos naturais. Se os pl\u00e1sticos n\u00e3o s\u00e3o reciclados, eles s\u00e3o incinerados ou descartados no ambiente natural, onde acabam contribuindo para a polui\u00e7\u00e3o. A capacidade de reciclar pl\u00e1stico <\/a> \u00e9 preferida incinera\u00e7\u00e3o porque os pl\u00e1sticos s\u00e3o feitos de um recurso de hidrocarbonetos n\u00e3o renov\u00e1veis. Algumas comunidades s\u00e3o melhores que outras para fazer pl\u00e1sticos <\/a> uma parte de uma economia circular.<\/p>\n

A reciclagem de pl\u00e1stico <\/a> \u00e9 mais desafiadora porque n\u00e3o \u00e9 t\u00e3o lucrativo quanto reciclagem <\/a> materiais obviamente preciosos que buscam uma revenda pre\u00e7o, como metal. O pl\u00e1stico tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 mais desafiador devido a obst\u00e1culos t\u00e9cnicos, como a separa\u00e7\u00e3o de fases do pl\u00e1stico reciclado e aplica\u00e7\u00f5es limitadas para os pl\u00e1sticos mais comumente fabricados, o polipropileno e o polietileno. Esses desafios, no entanto, podem ser minimizados se os fabricantes do produto minimizarem a mistura de materiais de embalagem e eliminarem os contaminantes. 14 <\/sup><\/p>\n

[\/fusion_text][\/fusion_builder_column][\/fusion_builder_row][\/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”40px” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”3_5″ layout=”3_5″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]<\/p>\n

Ent\u00e3o, como os pa\u00edses densamente povoados e escassamente povoados da Uni\u00e3o Europ\u00e9ia se comparam em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os pa\u00edses em desenvolvimento? reciclagem de pl\u00e1sticos ? Os holandeses est\u00e3o coletando pl\u00e1stico para reciclagem, junto com outros materiais, mas o pl\u00e1stico geralmente est\u00e1 ficando mais pobre em qualidade e, portanto, dif\u00edcil de reutilizar. 15 <\/sup> Isso, por sua vez, est\u00e1 aumentando o custo de reciclagem de pl\u00e1stico <\/a>.<\/p>\n

[\/fusion_text][\/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”2_5″ layout=”2_5″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_imageframe image_id=”2426″ max_width=”” style_type=”glow” stylecolor=”” hover_type=”zoomin” bordersize=”” bordercolor=”” borderradius=”” align=”center” lightbox=”no” gallery_id=”” lightbox_image=”” alt=”” link=”” linktarget=”_self” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=””]https:\/\/www.earthsquad.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/30.jpg[\/fusion_imageframe][\/fusion_builder_column][\/fusion_builder_row][\/fusion_builder_container][fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”no” hundred_percent_height=”no” hundred_percent_height_scroll=”no” hundred_percent_height_center_content=”yes” equal_height_columns=”no” menu_anchor=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”center center” background_repeat=”no-repeat” fade=”no” background_parallax=”none” enable_mobile=”no” parallax_speed=”0.3″ video_mp4=”” video_webm=”” video_ogv=”” video_url=”” video_aspect_ratio=”16:9″ video_loop=”yes” video_mute=”yes” video_preview_image=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=””][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_3″ layout=”1_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_counters_circle animation_offset=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=””][fusion_counter_circle value=”90″ filledcolor=”#ff6f6f” unfilledcolor=”#e8e8e8″ size=”170″ scales=”no” countdown=”no” speed=”1500″]90%[\/fusion_counter_circle][\/fusion_counters_circle][\/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”2_3″ layout=”2_3″ spacing=”” center_content=”no” link=”” target=”_self” min_height=”” hide_on_mobile=”small-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility” class=”” id=”” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_position=”left top” background_repeat=”no-repeat” hover_type=”none” border_size=”0″ border_color=”” border_style=”solid” border_position=”all” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”left” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_offset=”” last=”no”][fusion_text columns=”” column_min_width=”” column_spacing=”” rule_style=”default” rule_size=”” rule_color=”” class=”” id=””]<\/p>\n

Os holandeses analisaram recentemente os efeitos da reciclagem de pl\u00e1sticos e concluiu<\/a> que isso resulta em usos de baixo grau e n\u00e3o melhora as emiss\u00f5es de carbono. 16 <\/sup> A pesquisa insistiu que as localidades deveriam gastar mais em processos para selecionar pl\u00e1stico de melhor qualidade para reprocessamento. Tamb\u00e9m sugeriu que os pl\u00e1sticos, que comp\u00f5em 90% das embalagens, s\u00f3 aumentam a polui\u00e7\u00e3o do pl\u00e1stico e que a reciclagem n\u00e3o \u00e9 uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o para o problema. -para saber pl\u00e1stico lixo.<\/p>\n

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Uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o holandesa anunciou recentemente planos para salvar a polui\u00e7\u00e3o do pl\u00e1stico do oceano <\/a>e us\u00e1-lo para construir rodovias em Roterd\u00e3. O plano \u00e9 coletar material pl\u00e1stico do oceano para ser processado e comprimido em blocos de constru\u00e7\u00e3o para estradas. 17 <\/sup><\/p>\n

Na Finl\u00e2ndia, um sistema nacional de coleta de pl\u00e1sticos n\u00e3o foi sequer implantado at\u00e9 2016, porque as garrafas de pl\u00e1stico estavam sendo resgatadas pelos compradores por 10 a 40 centavos. As garrafas pl\u00e1sticas s\u00e3o ent\u00e3o reutilizadas pelo fabricante das bebidas. Apenas 16% dos outros res\u00edduos pl\u00e1sticos est\u00e3o sendo reciclados. Quando isso n\u00e3o acontece, o pl\u00e1stico acaba em uma das redes de incinera\u00e7\u00e3o da Finl\u00e2ndia, que transforma res\u00edduos pl\u00e1sticos em energia. Na Finl\u00e2ndia, o pl\u00e1stico \u00e9 frequentemente combinado em se\u00e7\u00f5es ou camadas de pacotes de alimentos, e isso faz com que os grupos de alimentos se misturem. > reciclagem dif\u00edcil. A solu\u00e7\u00e3o para parar o lixo pl\u00e1stico \u00e9 vista como trabalhando com os fabricantes para produzir apenas materiais reciclados ou bio-baseados.<\/p>\n

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Papel e papel\u00e3o<\/h3>\n

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Alguns materiais s\u00e3o f\u00e1ceis de reciclar. Por exemplo, o papel usado tem uma longa hist\u00f3ria de reciclagem na Finl\u00e2ndia, que \u00e9 um dos principais fabricantes e exportadores de produtos de papel. O papel usado foi coletado na Finl\u00e2ndia por quase um s\u00e9culo. 18 Os pontos de coleta geralmente est\u00e3o dispon\u00edveis em todos os bairros e incluem caixas para reciclagem de papel e papel\u00e3o. Um quinto do lixo dom\u00e9stico finland\u00eas \u00e9 feito de papel. O material reciclado \u00e9 usado principalmente para fazer papel higi\u00eanico e jornais. Em 2015, uma inova\u00e7\u00e3o foi desenvolvida pela Aalto University e pelo VTT Technical Research Center, que transforma papel e papel\u00e3o em t\u00eaxteis e vestu\u00e1rio.<\/p>\n

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Nos Pa\u00edses Baixos, cerca de 75% do papel <\/strong> \u00e9 reciclado, enquanto na Uni\u00e3o Europeia o valor est\u00e1 pr\u00f3ximo de 50% <\/strong>. O papel \u00e9 coletado geralmente sem caixas, uma vez que se espera que as pessoas forne\u00e7am embalagens de papel\u00e3o encaixotado de produtos de papel usados. Parte do papel\u00e3o e do papel \u00e9 coletada por meio de grupos esportivos e escolas locais.<\/p>\n

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Itens de reciclagem incomuns<\/h3>\n

Atrav\u00e9s dos exemplos de papel e pl\u00e1stico, pode-se come\u00e7ar a ver que os itens de reciclagem de papel, que fazem parte da economia circular, s\u00e3o geralmente f\u00e1ceis de reciclar. Reciclagem de pl\u00e1stico, no entanto, \u00e9 um problema em todos os lugares. Solu\u00e7\u00f5es inovadoras s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rias para tornar a reciclagem de pl\u00e1sticos comercialmente vi\u00e1vel. A Holanda quer come\u00e7ar a usar o pl\u00e1stico como estradas, enquanto a Finl\u00e2ndia planeja aquecer seus invernos atrav\u00e9s da incinera\u00e7\u00e3o de pl\u00e1sticos. No entanto, \u00e9 preocupante que a reciclagem de pl\u00e1stico n\u00e3o reduza a pegada de carbono. Parece que a melhor abordagem seria abandonar completamente o material, porque ele n\u00e3o agrega valor, mas esvazia um recurso n\u00e3o renov\u00e1vel e acaba contribuindo para a polui\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Alguns itens incomuns est\u00e3o sendo reciclados na Uni\u00e3o Europ\u00e9ia, pois as comunidades locais adaptam seus sistemas de reciclagem para enfrentar os desafios locais. Em Viena, o munic\u00edpio criou um cont\u00eainer de coleta de \u00f3leo de cozinha para seus clientes na ind\u00fastria gastron\u00f4mica e hoteleira, com uma cole\u00e7\u00e3o limpa e um servi\u00e7o confi\u00e1vel de coleta. 20 <\/sup> O \u00f3leo de cozinha \u00e9 transportado para usinas de biodiesel, seja transformado em biodiesel. Esta reciclagem resolve dois problemas: fornecimento de mat\u00e9ria-prima para a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de biodiesel e o bloqueio de esgotos municipais a partir de gordura e \u00f3leo usados.<\/p>\n

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A li\u00e7\u00e3o que podemos aprender de pa\u00edses da Uni\u00e3o Europeia densamente e escassamente povoados \u00e9 que para a reciclagem ser localmente ben\u00e9fica, ela deve ser sustent\u00e1vel, e o material reciclado deve fazer parte de uma economia circular que cria valor comercial a partir de itens descartados. \u00c9 assim que a reciclagem pode ser sustent\u00e1vel a longo prazo. A densidade populacional n\u00e3o \u00e9 um indicador t\u00e3o forte quanto os h\u00e1bitos dos cidad\u00e3os e as pol\u00edticas do governo para promover a reciclagem acima do aterro. O sucesso dessas iniciativas \u00e9 visto em uma taxa cada vez maior de h\u00e1bitos de reciclagem dos cidad\u00e3os.<\/p>\n

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Pode-se observar que os pa\u00edses menos populosos e mais densamente povoados da Europa t\u00eam h\u00e1bitos de reciclagem semelhantes. Por exemplo, a Finl\u00e2ndia e a Holanda valorizam o conceito de prote\u00e7\u00e3o ambiental. Os pa\u00edses que ainda s\u00e3o aterros <\/a> n\u00e3o possuem capacidade e n\u00edveis de consci\u00eancia p\u00fablica para fazer mudan\u00e7as significativas. Estes incluem os pa\u00edses densamente e escassamente povoados, como Malta (alta densidade e reciclagem pobre) e Rom\u00eania (baixa densidade e reciclagem pobre). A tend\u00eancia em toda a Uni\u00e3o Europeia, no entanto, est\u00e1 se movendo de forma constante em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao fim do aterro, com um aumento na reciclagem e um aumento crescente nas iniciativas de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia para res\u00edduos.<\/p>\n

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