{"id":22191,"date":"2018-05-01T06:16:34","date_gmt":"2018-05-01T06:16:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.earthsquad.global\/story-behind-singapores-sewage-to-tap-technology\/"},"modified":"2018-09-27T06:24:17","modified_gmt":"2018-09-27T06:24:17","slug":"story-behind-singapores-sewage-to-tap-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.earthsquad.global\/es\/story-behind-singapores-sewage-to-tap-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"Historia detr\u00e1s de la tecnolog\u00eda de aguas residuales de Singapur"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\"\"Singapur, una isla, una ciudad y un pa\u00eds, todo en uno, ha tenido su historia por venir. Y ha tardado mucho en llegar, porque es interesante. Singapur es una de las econom\u00edas m\u00e1s poderosas del continente asi\u00e1tico. Es una ciudad con la mayor concentraci\u00f3n de millonarios en todo el mundo <\/a>, junto con el enorme potencial que tiene, para atraer a inversores de todos los rincones de la tierra. Singapur tiene uno de los mejores sistemas educativos del mundo que conduce a su incre\u00edble sistema de salud. Y con eso, es la envidia de la mayor\u00eda de los pa\u00edses, y no nos olvidemos de los deslumbrantes cielos y los lujosos rascacielos e incluso los rascacielos que posee. Tiene una atm\u00f3sfera que es una de las m\u00e1s limpias y seguras que se haya conocido.<\/p>\n

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Con esto, viene una desventaja, tal como sospechabas. Y est\u00e1s muy correcto. Singapur carece de un suministro de agua verdaderamente confiable. De hecho, la popularmente conocida Organizaci\u00f3n de Alimentos y Agricultura (FAO) declar\u00f3 a la isla pobre en agua. Este es su problema m\u00e1s apremiante: no hay agua suficiente para satisfacer sus necesidades. Y como ya habr\u00e1 adivinado, estaremos investigando Singapur y el sistema que utiliza para generar suficiente agua para sus habitantes.<\/p>\n

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A pesar de que estas probabilidades est\u00e1n en contra de la ciudad, se sabe que Singapur ha avanzado a pasos agigantados en el futuro para desarrollar e innovar enfoques avanzados para su gesti\u00f3n del agua que parecen ser positivos. La isla tiene un enfoque totalmente hol\u00edstico en la gesti\u00f3n de todos sus recursos h\u00eddricos notablemente y estos procesos se rigen por la Junta de Servicios P\u00fablicos (PUB). \u00bfC\u00f3mo consigui\u00f3 este pa\u00eds logros como estos con factores tan desafiantes y la realidad hundi\u00e9ndose en su cara? \u00bfTratando con estos hechos como una isla densamente poblada? Para avanzar, tendremos que dar algunos pasos hacia atr\u00e1s. Volvamos a comprender las fuerzas que impulsan el avance de la tecnolog\u00eda en el pa\u00eds, a la generaci\u00f3n de agua en abundancia para sus queridos ciudadanos.<\/p>\n

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En 1927, un distrito de Singapur y los territorios de Johorin Malaysia (su gobierno) tuvieron una idea asombrosa para combatir las acuciantes necesidades de la isla: agua insuficiente. Esta idea result\u00f3 positiva para ambas partes y luego se convirti\u00f3 en un acuerdo firmado con ambas partes, ya que le permiti\u00f3 a Singapur alquilar una tierra en Johor mientras usaba el agua disponible all\u00ed gratis: ambos obtuvieron lo que quer\u00edan. Luego vino una guerra que dur\u00f3 un tiempo, y luego pas\u00f3. Pero durante esta guerra, hubo un giro en c\u00f3mo las cosas eventualmente se desarrollar\u00edan, porque las tropas brit\u00e1nicas presentes durante la guerra estaban en camino, retir\u00e1ndose. Soplaron el oleoducto que conectaba a Singapur y Malasia. Singapur se qued\u00f3 con solo una reserva de agua que no podr\u00eda durar semanas. Esto llev\u00f3 a una mayor demanda de agua relacionada con el crecimiento y el sustento de la ciudad, y Singapur actu\u00f3 en consecuencia. Firmaron dos nuevos acuerdos en 1961 y 1962 respectivamente.<\/p>\n

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\"\"Conforme pas\u00f3 el tiempo y la relaci\u00f3n entre ambos pa\u00edses prosper\u00f3, Singapur, en 1998, inici\u00f3 nuevas negociaciones para extender ambos acuerdos firmados a 2011 y 2061, respectivamente, y a cambio el gobierno de Malasia recibi\u00f3 el pago de Singapur. Aumentaron los aranceles, pero esto a\u00fan parec\u00eda favorable para el gobierno de Singapur ya que otros m\u00e9todos alternativos resultaron ser m\u00e1s costosos y menos efectivos. Sin embargo, los malasios persistieron en sus acciones por m\u00e1s, y luego el gobierno de Singapur dijo que Malasia no ten\u00eda derecho a modificar el precio del agua. No ten\u00eda sentido. Otros pa\u00edses ten\u00edan acuerdos similares; como China <\/a> y Hong Kong, y los chinos incluso proporcionaron la infraestructura. Este acuerdo roto condujo al final. Parec\u00eda as\u00ed. Luego esto condujo a la creaci\u00f3n y establecimiento de una nueva pol\u00edtica llamada \u00abcuatro grifos\u00bb o un enfoque llamado \u00abcerrando el c\u00edrculo\u00bb. No pod\u00edan decir que no previeron esto: el pago del suministro de agua m\u00e1s el alquiler de la tierra utilizada.<\/p>\n

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Agua importada de Malasia<\/h2>\n

El gran flujo de agua ingresa a Singapur a trav\u00e9s de la conexi\u00f3n del oleoducto en la calzada entre Singapur y Johor, Malasia. Y el 30% del suministro total de Singapur est\u00e1 directamente relacionado con las importaciones de Malasia, pero la ciudad comenz\u00f3 a considerar otras alternativas en 2003, ya que las negociaciones con el gobierno de Malasia finalizaron incluso si el acuerdo no lo hac\u00eda. Nos lleva al pr\u00f3ximo enfoque;<\/p>\n

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Captaciones y dep\u00f3sitos locales<\/h2>\n

Esto constituye aproximadamente el 30% del agua de la isla de 17 embalses, y esta fuente captura desde dos tercios hacia arriba de la superficie terrestre de Singapur. Por lo tanto, una mayor excavaci\u00f3n tendr\u00e1 una prima debido a su peque\u00f1o tama\u00f1o. Y esto nos lleva a la siguiente tecnolog\u00eda;[\/fusion_text][\/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=\u00bb1_2″ layout=\u00bb1_2″ spacing=\u00bb\u00bb center_content=\u00bbno\u00bb link=\u00bb\u00bb target=\u00bb_self\u00bb min_height=\u00bb\u00bb hide_on_mobile=\u00bbsmall-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\u00bb class=\u00bb\u00bb id=\u00bb\u00bb background_color=\u00bb\u00bb background_image=\u00bb\u00bb background_position=\u00bbleft top\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbno-repeat\u00bb hover_type=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_size=\u00bb0″ border_color=\u00bb\u00bb border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb border_position=\u00bball\u00bb animation_type=\u00bb\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbleft\u00bb animation_speed=\u00bb0.3″ animation_offset=\u00bb\u00bb last=\u00bbno\u00bb][fusion_imageframe image_id=\u00bb2016″ style_type=\u00bbnone\u00bb stylecolor=\u00bb\u00bb hover_type=\u00bbnone\u00bb bordersize=\u00bb\u00bb bordercolor=\u00bb\u00bb borderradius=\u00bb\u00bb align=\u00bbnone\u00bb lightbox=\u00bbno\u00bb gallery_id=\u00bb\u00bb lightbox_image=\u00bb\u00bb alt=\u00bb\u00bb link=\u00bb\u00bb linktarget=\u00bb_self\u00bb hide_on_mobile=\u00bbsmall-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\u00bb class=\u00bbset_img\u00bb id=\u00bb\u00bb animation_type=\u00bb\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbleft\u00bb animation_speed=\u00bb0.3″ animation_offset=\u00bb\u00bb]https:\/\/www.earthsquad.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/yes_water_003-400×243.jpg[\/fusion_imageframe][fusion_text columns=\u00bb\u00bb column_min_width=\u00bb\u00bb column_spacing=\u00bb\u00bb rule_style=\u00bbdefault\u00bb rule_size=\u00bb\u00bb rule_color=\u00bb\u00bb class=\u00bb\u00bb id=\u00bb\u00bb]<\/p>\n

Desalinizaci\u00f3n del agua<\/h2>\n

Esto representa aproximadamente el 10% del suministro de agua de Singapur y es extremadamente costoso, esta tecnolog\u00eda tambi\u00e9n se ha avanzado de manera espectacular en la \u00faltima d\u00e9cada. El gobierno tambi\u00e9n espera aumentar estos n\u00fameros al 30% para 2060. Esto nos lleva al enfoque Tap final;<\/p>\n

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NEWater (agua reciclada)<\/h2>\n

Fue lanzado en 2003 e involucra reciclar <\/a> las aguas residuales actuales a una forma altamente purificada, proporcionando as\u00ed un medio ambiente m\u00e1s rentable y ecol\u00f3gico. Para 2060, se prev\u00e9 que este suministro de agua – NEWater, llegue al 50% de la demanda de Singapur.<\/p>\n

[\/fusion_text][\/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=\u00bb1_1″ layout=\u00bb1_1″ spacing=\u00bb\u00bb center_content=\u00bbno\u00bb link=\u00bb\u00bb target=\u00bb_self\u00bb min_height=\u00bb\u00bb hide_on_mobile=\u00bbsmall-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\u00bb class=\u00bb\u00bb id=\u00bb\u00bb background_color=\u00bb\u00bb background_image=\u00bb\u00bb background_position=\u00bbleft top\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbno-repeat\u00bb hover_type=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_size=\u00bb0″ border_color=\u00bb\u00bb border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb border_position=\u00bball\u00bb padding_top=\u00bb\u00bb padding_right=\u00bb\u00bb padding_bottom=\u00bb\u00bb padding_left=\u00bb\u00bb dimension_margin=\u00bb\u00bb animation_type=\u00bb\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbleft\u00bb animation_speed=\u00bb0.3″ animation_offset=\u00bb\u00bb last=\u00bbno\u00bb][fusion_text columns=\u00bb\u00bb column_min_width=\u00bb\u00bb column_spacing=\u00bb\u00bb rule_style=\u00bbdefault\u00bb rule_size=\u00bb\u00bb rule_color=\u00bb\u00bb class=\u00bb\u00bb id=\u00bb\u00bb]El sistema de alcantarillado trasciende para convertirse en el sistema \u00abNEWater\u00bb<\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"Actualmente hay 4 plantas de purificaci\u00f3n en todo el espacio de Singapur que producen alrededor de 430 millones de litros de suministro de NEWater por d\u00eda, la mayor\u00eda de los cuales es transportado y utilizado por grandes industrias e instalaciones de refrigeraci\u00f3n. El resto se transporta y se llena en botellas despu\u00e9s de pasar por controles de calidad, as\u00ed como la combinaci\u00f3n con compuestos ricos en nutrientes o sustancias para su posterior purificaci\u00f3n. Estas botellas ahora se usan \u00fanicamente para la conciencia y no para usos comerciales.[\/fusion_text][\/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=\u00bb1_1″ layout=\u00bb1_1″ spacing=\u00bb\u00bb center_content=\u00bbno\u00bb link=\u00bb\u00bb target=\u00bb_self\u00bb min_height=\u00bb\u00bb hide_on_mobile=\u00bbsmall-visibility,medium-visibility,large-visibility\u00bb class=\u00bb\u00bb id=\u00bb\u00bb background_color=\u00bb\u00bb background_image=\u00bb\u00bb background_position=\u00bbleft top\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbno-repeat\u00bb hover_type=\u00bbnone\u00bb border_size=\u00bb0″ border_color=\u00bb\u00bb border_style=\u00bbsolid\u00bb border_position=\u00bball\u00bb padding_top=\u00bb\u00bb padding_right=\u00bb\u00bb padding_bottom=\u00bb\u00bb padding_left=\u00bb\u00bb dimension_margin=\u00bb\u00bb animation_type=\u00bb\u00bb animation_direction=\u00bbleft\u00bb animation_speed=\u00bb0.3″ animation_offset=\u00bb\u00bb last=\u00bbno\u00bb][fusion_text columns=\u00bb\u00bb column_min_width=\u00bb\u00bb column_spacing=\u00bb\u00bb rule_style=\u00bbdefault\u00bb rule_size=\u00bb\u00bb rule_color=\u00bb\u00bb class=\u00bb\u00bb id=\u00bb\u00bb]<\/p>\n

En pocas palabras, es el viaje incre\u00edble, la ciudad de Singapur se esforz\u00f3.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Navegar en…<\/h2>\n

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